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 Difference Between Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel The vast majority of metals have a crystalline structure in their solid state, meaning that they are made up of crystallised lattice structures of atoms. By definition, all steels, including stainless steels, are primarily made up of crystallised iron atoms with the addition of carbon. The iron in steel can exist in several different crystalline structures, dependent on the conditions of its creation. Ferrite, austenite, and martensite are all examples of iron’s crystal structures, and all are found within different types of steel. One of the defining differences between these crystal structures is the amount of carbon they can absorb - a greater carbon content generally, though not always, makes a steel harder, but more brittle. As a liquid, molten iron is not crystalline, and crystals are only formed when the material cools. When the material cools, steel solidifies as individual crystals forming gradually, which can ...